NATIONALITIES

Forming nationality adjectives and nouns from country names is not always simple in English. Use the nationality adjective ending in -ese or -ish with a plural verb, to refer to all people of that nationality. The adjective listed also often refers to the language spoken in the country, although this is not always the case.

EXAMPLES

• Country: I live in Japan.
• Adjective: He likes Japanese food.
• Origins: She is a Japanese person. = She is from Japan. = She is Japanese.
• Language: She speaks Japanese.
• Describing a group: Spaniards often drink wine. = Spanish people often drink wine.
• Describing a group: The Chinese enjoy fireworks. = Chinese people enjoy fireworks.

In some cases, a nationality or regional noun may be negatively corrolated for some people, for historic or political reasons. When this is the case, many people will not use it, but will instead use a more neutral adjective + "people" formulation or "people from" + country name. This is the case for the examples with an asterix below. Alternative formulations, less likely to give offense, are given in parentheses.

Geographic Region/Continent	Adjective	Noun
Africa	African	an African* (an African person, someone from Africa)
Asia	Asian	an Asian* (an Asian person, someone from Asia)
Europe	European	a European
Central America	Central American	a Central American
Middle East	Middle Eastern	a Middle Easterner
North Africa	North African	a North African
South America	South American	a South American
Southeast Asia	Southeast Asian	a Southeast Asian person

Country or region	Adjective	Noun
Afghanistan	Afghan	an Afghan
Algeria	Algerian	an Algerian
Angola	Angolan	an Angolan
Argentina	Argentine	an Argentine
Austria	Austrian	an Austrian
Australia	Australian	an Australian
Bangladesh	Bangladeshi	a Bangladeshi
Belarus	Belarusian	a Belarusian
Belgium	Belgian	a Belgian
Bolivia	Bolivian	a Bolivian
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnian/Herzegovinian	a Bosnian/a Herzegovinian
Brazil	Brazilian	a Brazilian
Britain	British	a Briton (informally: a Brit)
Bulgaria	Bulgarian	a Bulgarian
Cambodia	Cambodian	a Cambodian
Cameroon	Cameroonian	a Cameroonian
Canada	Canadian	a Canadian
Central African Republic	Central African	a Central African
Chad	Chadian	a Chadian
China	Chinese	a Chinese person
Colombia	Colombian	a Colombian
Costa Rica	Costa Rican	a Costa Rican
Croatia	Croatian	a Croat
the Czech Republic	Czech	a Czech person
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Congolese	a Congolese person (note: this refers to people from the Republic of the Congo as well)
Denmark	Danish	a Dane
Ecuador	Ecuadorian	an Ecuadorian
Egypt	Egyptian	an Egyptian
El Salvador	Salvadoran	a Salvadoran (also accepted are Salvadorian & Salvadorean)
England	English	an Englishman/Englishwoman
Estonia	Estonian	an Estonian
Ethiopia	Ethiopian	an Ethiopian
Finland	Finnish	a Finn
France	French	a Frenchman/Frenchwoman
Germany	German	a German
Ghana	Ghanaian	a Ghanaian
Greece	Greek	a Greek
Guatemala	Guatemalan	a Guatemalan
Holland	Dutch	a Dutchman/Dutchwoman
Honduras	Honduran	a Honduran
Hungary	Hungarian	a Hungarian
Iceland	Icelandic	an Icelander
India	Indian	an Indian
Indonesia	Indonesian	an Indonesian
Iran	Iranian	an Iranian
Iraq	Iraqi	an Iraqi
Ireland	Irish	an Irishman/Irishwoman
Israel	Israeli	an Israeli
Italy	Italian	an Italian
Ivory Coast	Ivorian	an Ivorian
Jamaica	Jamaican	a Jamaican
Japan	Japanese	a Japanese person
Jordan	Jordanian	a Jordanian
Kazakhstan	Kazakh	a Kazakhstani (used as a noun, "a Kazakh" refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality)
Kenya	Kenyan	a Kenyan
Laos	Lao	a Laotian (used as a noun, "a Lao" refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality)
Latvia	Latvian	a Latvian
Libya	Libyan	a Libyan
Lithuania	Lithuanian	a Lithuanian
Madagascar	Malagasy	a Malagasy
Malaysia	Malaysian	a Malaysian
Mali	Malian	a Malian
Mauritania	Mauritanian	a Mauritanian
Mexico	Mexican	a Mexican* (may be offensive in the USA. Use "someone from Mexico" instead.)
Morocco	Moroccan	a Moroccan
Namibia	Namibian	a Namibian
New Zealand	New Zealand	a New Zealander
Nicaragua	Nicaraguan	a Nicaraguan
Niger	Nigerien	a Nigerien
Nigeria	Nigerian	a Nigerian
Norway	Norwegian	a Norwegian
Oman	Omani	an Omani
Pakistan	Pakistani	a Pakistani* (may be offensive in the UK. Use "someone from Pakistan" instead.)
Panama	Panamanian	a Panamanian
Paraguay	Paraguayan	a Paraguayan
Peru	Peruvian	a Peruvian
The Philippines	Philippine	a Filipino* (someone from the Philippines)
Poland	Polish	a Pole* (someone from Poland, a Polish person)
Portugal	Portuguese	a Portuguese person
Republic of the Congo	Congolese	a Congolese person (note: this refers to people from the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well)
Romania	Romanian	a Romanian
Russia	Russian	a Russian
Saudi Arabia	Saudi, Saudi Arabian	a Saudi, a Saudi Arabian
Scotland	Scottish	a Scot
Senegal	Senegalese	a Senegalese person
Serbia	Serbian	a Serbian (used as a noun, "a Serb" refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality
Singapore	Singaporean	a Singaporean
Slovakia	Slovak	a Slovak
Somalia	Somalian	a Somalian
South Africa	South African	a South African
Spain	Spanish	a Spaniard* (a Spanish person, someone from Spain)
Sudan	Sudanese	a Sudanese person
Sweden	Swedish	a Swede
Switzerland	Swiss	a Swiss person
Syria	Syrian	a Syrian
Thailand	Thai	a Thai person
Tunisia	Tunisian	a Tunisian
Turkey	Turkish	a Turk
Turkmenistan	Turkmen	a Turkmen / the Turkmens
Ukraine	Ukranian	a Ukranian
The United Arab Emirates	Emirati	an Emirati
The United States	American	an American
Uruguay	Uruguayan	a Uruguayan
Vietnam	Vietnamese	a Vietnamese person
Wales	Welsh	a Welshman/Welshwoman
Zambia	Zambian	a Zambian
Zimbabwe	Zimbabwean	a Zimbabwean

Cities also can be transformed into adjectives and nouns, although they are highly irregular and the nominal form is not always agreed upon (there may be several). Some examples of transformed city names are below.

City	Adjective	Noun
Paris	Parisian	a Parisian
New York	New York	a New Yorker
Sydney	Sydney	a Sydney-sider
London	London	a Londoner
São Paulo	São Paulo	a Paulistano
New Delhi	New Delhi	a Delhiite
Cape Town	Cape Town	a Capetonian

 sumber:http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/nationalities/